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Insomnia
Sharon Parmet, MS, Writer; Cassio Lynm, MA, Illustrator; Richard M. Glass, MD, Editor
JAMA. 2003;289(19):2602. doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2466.



Insomnia (trouble falling asleep or staying asleep) is a common problem. It can cause daytime tiredness and sleepiness and difficulty paying attention at school or being alert at work. Insomnia can begin at an early age and affects people of all ages. Insomnia can be transient (short-term) and related to a specific condition like stress or travel, or it can be a chronic (long-term) problem that persists for many months and may be caused by another medical problem.




POSSIBLE CAUSES OF INSOMNIA


  • Persistent stresst

  • Relationship problems

  • Use of stimulants such as caffeine, cocaine, and some diet drugs

  • Alcohol consumption

  • Shift work or keeping erratic hours

  • Inactive lifestyle

  • Environmental factors like noise and light

  • Depression or anxiety disorders

  • Medical problems including sleep apnea (waking up frequently during the night, severe snoring, and brief periods of not breathing)

  • Restless legs syndrome (uncomfortable leg sensations at night that are relieved by walking, rubbing, or other movements that prevent sleeping)


  • SLEEP GUIDELINES

  • Keep a regular schedule with a consistent bedtime

  • Use your bedroom mainly for sleep

  • Exercise regularly, but try to finish exercise at least 3 to 4 hours before going to bed

  • Avoid caffeine for at least 6 hours before going to bed


  • Avoid large meals close to bedtime


  • If you nap during the day, try to do so at the same time each day, and limit napping to an hour or less

  • Corticosteroid injections may be used in select cases


  • TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA


    If you experience persistent insomnia, see your doctor. Depending on the cause of the insomnia, your doctor may prescribe various treatments ranging from psychiatric counseling to drug therapy.



    FOR MORE INFORMATION


  • National Sleep Foundation

  • 202/347-3471
    http://www.sleepfoundation.org


    Click here to download a copy of this article.


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