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Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Janet M. Torpy, MD, Writer; Cassio Lynm, MA, Illustrator; Richard M. Glass, MD, Editor
JAMA. 2003;290(7):980. doi:10.1001/jama.290.7.860.

Heart disease kills more Americans each year than any other disease or illness. It is important to understand what makes heart disease so common and how you can reduce your chances of having heart disease. Heart disease can besilent (no symptoms) in some persons. They may not be aware of heart disease until they have a heart attack (also known as amyocardial infarction). More than 2600 Americans die every day from cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) disease.




RISK FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE


MODIFIABLE


  • Smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

  • Obesity

  • Sedentary lifestyle (not enough physical activity)

  • Diabetes

  • High cholesterol or abnormal blood lipids (fats)

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)





  • NONMODIFIABLE


  • Male sex

  • Age older than 50 years

  • Family history of heart disease




  • REDUCE YOUR CARDIAC RISK


  • Stop smoking.

  • Eat a low-fat diet rich in vegetables and fruits.

  • Exercise daily for at least 30 minutes.

  • Control diabetes and hypertension if you already have these medical problems.

  • Manage your cholesterol and blood lipid levels if they are elevated.

  • Know your family history, especially about heart attacks or sudden death at age younger than 50 years


  • See your doctor regularly to assess heart risks, manage heart disease if it is already present, and reduce your risk of heart attack or sudden death.





    FOR MORE INFORMATION


  • American Heart Association
  • 800/AHA-USA-1 (242-8721)
    http://www.americanheart.org

  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
  • 301/592-8573
    http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

  • 888/246-2675
    http://www.cdc.gov

  • National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease

  • 202/728-7199
    http://www.womenheart.org



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